<aside> 💡 Introduction to Pharmacology

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• LO1 define and describe common terms used in pharmacology

  

  • Pharmacology

    • Study of drugs and its effects on living cells, systems

  • Pharmacodynamics

    • Study of the interaction between drug and its molecular target and the pharmacological response
    • Action of drug on body- what drug does
    • Qualitative and quantitative
    • Pharmacodynamics: Quantitative aspects

      • Magnitude of response

      • Potency

      • Therapeutic efficacy

        

      • Tolerance

    • Pharmacodynamics: Qualitative aspects
      • How do they produce their effects?
      • Targets for drug action?

        • Nucleic acids

        • Proteins:

        • Receptors

          

        • Ion channels

          

        • Enzyme

          

        • Carrier molecules

          

  • Pharmacokinetics

    • Fate of drug- what the body does with the drug
      • Absorption
      • Distribution
      • Metabolism
      • Excretion

  • Pharmacotherapeutics

    • Use of drug to cure disease
    • Use of drug to delay progression
    • Use of drug to alleviate signs/symptoms
    • Use of drug to facilitate nonpharmacologic therapy

  • Pharmacogenomics

    • Use of patient’s genetic information to guide the choice of drug therapy

  • Toxicology

    • Study of the nature, properties, identification, effects, and treatment of poisons
    • Study of adverse drug reactions

  • Side-effect

    • Drug effect that is not the primary purpose for giving the drug for a particular condition
    • Desirable or undesirable

  • Adverse drug reactions

    • Unintended and undesirable response to a drug

  • Pharmacy

    • Branch of science dealing with the manufacture, preparation and dispensing of drugs

  • Pharmaceutics

    • Science of preparation and dispensing of drugs

  • Formulation

    • Form in which the drug is administered
      • Tablet
      • IV
      • Injection
      • Eye drop
      • Aerosol
      • Ointment

  • Indication

    • Illness or disorder for which a drug has a documented specific usefulness

  • Contraindication

    • Situation or condition in which a drug:
      • Should not be used
      • Used with caution

• LO2 locate and begin to interpret high quality drug information

  

  • JCU databases (login needed)
  • MIMS online
  • Therapeutic Guidelines
  • Australian Medicines Handbook
  • AusDI
  • Drugbank.ca, drugs.com, rxlist.com
  • Rang & Dale’s Pharmacology
  • Goodman & Gilman’s The pharmacological basis of therapeutics

• LO3 describe the different systems used to name and classify drugs and give examples of each

  • Sources of Drugs

    

    • Microorganisms:
      • Fungi - many antibacterial drugs
      • Statins - treat hypercholesterolemia (risk factor for CHD)
    • Plants:
    • Humans or other animals
    • Mineral or other mineral products
    • Synthesized in laboratories

  • Drug names

  • Amoxicillin naming

  • Drug scheduling

  • Drug schedules

• LO4 outline the stages of drug discovery and development

• LO5 describe the main groups of molecular targets for drugs, including the 4 types of receptors

• LO6 explain the different ways by which drugs can act on these targets, giving examples

• LO7 define and contrast agonists and antagonists

• LO8 describe the terms affinity and efficacy, and explain how they relate to drug action at receptors

• LO9 compare the different types of receptor agonists and antagonists

• LO10 describe the relationship between drug concentration and effect

• LO11 measure EC50s and interpret the relationship to potency

• LO12 explain and illustrate the difference between full and partial agonists

• LO13 describe the concepts of constitutive activity and inverse agonism